Journal: Advanced Science
Article Title: Adipocyte‐Derived Exosomal miR‐5099 Mitigates M1 Macrophage Polarization and Adipose Inflammation via c‐Met/NF‐κB Axis to Improve Metabolic Health
doi: 10.1002/advs.202518902
Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessing the impact of Celastrol (CEL) on metabolic health and its influence on adipocyte‐derived conditioned media (CM) in modulating macrophage activation. Male C57Bl/6J mice (6–8 weeks) were induced to obesity by a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, followed by a 21‐day daily injection of CEL (intraperitoneal daily injections with indicated doses), these mice were used for the experiments in Figure (n = 6). (A–B) Body weight change (A) and food intake (B) during a 21‐day CEL treatment. Arrows indicate dose escalation (0.1→0.5 mg/kg/day). (C) Insulin tolerance test (ITT) analysis and area under the curve (AUC) for ITT of CEL treated mice. (D) Final weights of eWAT, iWAT, and liver of the mice. (E‐G) H&E staining of iWAT, eWAT, liver (E), spleen, kidney (G), and representative images of these tissues (F).scale bar, 50 µm. (H‐I) Representative images and histological images of intestines (H, scale bar, 250 µm) and adhesion scores (I). (J‐L) Heatmaps analysis of the expression of M1 marker genes (J) and M2 marker genes (K) in BMDMs and M1 marker genes in RAW264.7 cells (L) cultured in conditional medium (CM) collected from 3T3‐1 adipocytes without or with CEL treatment (400 n m , 48 h) (n = 3). (M‐N) Immunofluorescence (IF) staining for iNOS, F‐actin (for cellular morphological control), and DAPI in LPS/IFNγ (100 ng/mL;20 ng/mL, 24 h) induced RAW264.7 M1 macrophages cultured in the presence of PBS or conditioned media (CM) obtained from 3T3‐L1 adipocytes or iWAT SVF‐differentiated adipocytes (iWAT adipocytes, (M) and the quantification for iNOS staining (N), with or without CEL treatment. Scale bar, 50 µm. (O) Migration analysis and quantification of RAW264.7 M0 and M1 macrophages cultured in CM harvested from 3T3‐adipocytes with or without CEL treatment (n = 6). Scale bar for O, 200 µm. Comparison between the two groups was evaluated using an unpaired two‐tailed t ‐test. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post‐hoc test was used for comparing more than two groups. Data represent mean ± SEM.
Article Snippet: To induce obesity, the mice were provided with a high‐fat diet (HFD) comprising 60 kcal% fat ( D12491 , Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, NJ) starting at 8 weeks of age for the specified duration.
Techniques: Derivative Assay, Activation Assay, Injection, Staining, Expressing, Marker, Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Control, Migration, Comparison, Two Tailed Test